A partir de la version Oracle 10g, Oracle fournit un package pour simplifier l’installation d’un serveur de base de données.
On pourrait croire qu’après l’installation de ce package le serveur soit prêt pour l’installation des binaires… mais Oracle aime la complexité et préfère ne pas être directif sur l’installation de ces produits. Cela conduit souvent à une non-standardisation des environnements.
Oracle a automatisé la configuration initiale des serveurs sous Linux à l’aide d’un package « oracle-validated » en 10g, « oracle-rdbms-<release>_server-preinstall » à partir de la 11g.
Ces packages permettent d’installer les packages nécessaires à l’installation de la Grid Infrastructure et de la Database et de la configuration système (Kernel parameters, OS User limits, …) ainsi que la création des groupes et du user oracle.
Une bonne pratique d’installation est de séparer les rôles entre la Grid Infrastructure et la Database et à partir de la version Oracle 11g, l’utilisation d’ASM devient la norme – mais Oracle préfère effectuer la moitié du travail pour ne pas trop simplifier l’installation.
[root@test ~]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-7.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed ---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.7-3.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 ---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.107.el6 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 ---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-19.el6 will be installed ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed ---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 ---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 ---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.el6 will be installed ---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================= Installing: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall x86_64 1.0-7.el6 ol6_u4_base 15 k Installing for dependencies: cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 ol6_u4_base 93 k compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 ol6_u4_base 17 k compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 ol6_u4_base 183 k cpp x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 ol6_u4_base 3.7 M gcc x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 ol6_u4_base 10 M gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 ol6_u4_base 4.7 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.107.el6 ol6_u4_base 973 k glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.107.el6 ol6_u4_base 604 k kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.32-358.el6 ol6_u4_base 2.3 M ksh x86_64 20100621-19.el6 ol6_u4_base 686 k libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 ol6_u4_base 13 k libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 ol6_u4_base 1.6 M mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 ol6_u4_base 156 k ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 ol6_u4_base 1.3 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================= Install 15 Package(s) Total download size: 26 M Installed size: 61 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/15): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00 (2/15): compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00 (3/15): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm | 183 kB 00:00 (4/15): cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 3.7 MB 00:02 (5/15): gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 10 MB 00:07 (6/15): gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:03 (7/15): glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm | 973 kB 00:00 (8/15): glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm | 604 kB 00:00 (9/15): kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm | 2.3 MB 00:01 (10/15): ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64.rpm | 686 kB 00:00 (11/15): libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00 (12/15): libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:01 (13/15): mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 156 kB 00:00 (14/15): oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm | 15 kB 00:00 (15/15): ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.3 MB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.1 MB/s | 26 MB 00:24 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 1/15 Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 2/15 Installing : cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 3/15 Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 4/15 Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 5/15 Installing : ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64 6/15 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 7/15 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 8/15 Installing : kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 9/15 Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 10/15 Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 11/15 Installing : gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 12/15 Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 13/15 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 14/15 Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 15/15 Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 1/15 Verifying : kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 2/15 Verifying : gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 3/15 Verifying : gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 4/15 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 5/15 Verifying : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 6/15 Verifying : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64 7/15 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 8/15 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 9/15 Verifying : cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 10/15 Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 11/15 Verifying : ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64 12/15 Verifying : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 13/15 Verifying : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 14/15 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64 15/15 Installed: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-7.el6 Dependency Installed: cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.el6 ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-19.el6 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 Complete!
Les packages dépendants sont bien installés, les paramètres Kernel également :
[root@test ~]# tail -40 /etc/sysctl.conf # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744 fs.file-max = 6815744 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128' kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096 kernel.shmmni = 4096 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 2097152 on i386 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4294967295 on i386 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/passwd | egrep "oracle|grid" oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash [root@test ~]# cat /etc/group | egrep "oinstall|dba|oper" oinstall:x:54321: dba:x:54322:oracle
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf ... # End of file # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024 oracle soft nofile 1024 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 2047 oracle soft nproc 2047 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB oracle soft stack 10240 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB oracle hard stack 32768
Mais on peut constater que le groupe oper a été oublié et que la séparation des rôles n’est pas gérée – le user grid les groupes associés à ASM n’existent pas.
Pour terminer la configuration initiale, un petit effort est nécessaire :
| GID | Groupe | Description | Priviliège |
|---|---|---|---|
| 54321 | oinstall | Oracle Inventory Group | |
| 54322 | dba | OSDBA group | SYSDBA privilege |
| 54323 | oper | OSOPER group for Oracle Database | SYSOPER privilege |
| 54324 | backupdba | OSBACKUPDBA group for Oracle Database (12c) | SYSBACKUP privilege |
| 54325 | dgdba | OSDGDBA group for Oracle Data Guard (12c) | SYSDG privilege |
| 54326 | kmdba | OSKMDBA group for encyption key management (12c) | SYSKM privilege |
| 54327 | asmdba | OSDBA group for Oracle ASM | SYSDBA for ASM privilege |
| 54328 | asmoper | OSOPER group for Oracle ASM | SYSOPER for ASM privilege |
| 54329 | asmadmin | OSASM group for Oracle ASM Administration | SYSASM privilege |
[root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54323 oper [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54324 backupdba [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54325 dgdba [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54326 kmdba [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54327 asmdba [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54328 asmoper [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin [root@test ~]# useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid [root@test ~]# usermod -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmdba,asmadmin -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
[root@test ~]# egrep '^oracle|^# oracle' /etc/security/limits.conf | sed 's/^oracle/grid /g' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
Vous être prêt à lancer le runInstaller.
[root@test ~]# id oracle uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54327(asmdba),54329(asmadmin) [root@test ~]# id grid uid=54322(grid) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54327(asmdba),54328(asmoper),54329(asmadmin)
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf ... # End of file # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024 oracle soft nofile 1024 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 2047 oracle soft nproc 2047 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB oracle soft stack 10240 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB oracle hard stack 32768 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024 grid soft nofile 1024 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536 grid hard nofile 65536 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 2047 grid soft nproc 2047 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384 grid hard nproc 16384 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB grid soft stack 10240 # oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB grid hard stack 32768
